The Liberty Head $20 gold coin, also known as the double eagle coin, is an iconic piece of American history. First minted from 1849 to 1907, this coin was born out of the California Gold Rush, a time when vast amounts of gold flooded the market. This article explores the rich history, intricate design, and lasting value of the Liberty Head $20 gold coin, highlighting why it remains a prized collectible today.
History of the Liberty Head $20 Gold Coin
The Birth of the Double Eagle
The Liberty Head $20 gold coin made its debut in 1849, marking the introduction of the $20 gold denomination in the United States. This coin was created to manage the large influx of gold resulting from the California Gold Rush. The first coins, released in 1850, featured the face value “TWENTY D” and were designed to make converting gold bullion into currency easier.
Design and Minting
James B. Longacre’s Design
Designed by James B. Longacre, the Liberty Head $20 gold coin features Lady Liberty on the obverse (front) wearing a coronet inscribed with “LIBERTY.” Her hair is styled and pulled back, giving her a regal appearance. The reverse (back) of the coin showcases a heraldic eagle with rays of sunlight and a band of stars.
Minting Period and Types
The Liberty Head $20 gold coin was minted from 1849 to 1907 and is categorized into three main types:
- Type 1 (1849-1866): This version lacks the motto “In God We Trust.”
- Type 2 (1866-1876): This version includes the motto “In God We Trust.”
- Type 3 (1877-1907): This version includes the full inscription “TWENTY DOLLARS” and the motto.
Historical Facts and Significance
International Use and the San Francisco Mint
The Liberty Head $20 gold coin played a crucial role in international trade, as many foreign governments preferred gold coins over paper currency. The San Francisco Mint, established in 1854, was essential in minting these coins, making it safer and easier to transport gold.
The End of the Liberty Head $20 Gold Coin
In the early 1900s, President Theodore Roosevelt commissioned artist Augustus Saint-Gaudens to design a new series of coins. This led to the introduction of the Walking Liberty Gold Eagle, which eventually replaced the Liberty Head $20 gold coin.
The S.S. Central America Shipwreck Discovery
In 1989, the shipwreck of the S.S. Central America was discovered off the coast of North Carolina. The ship, which sank in 1857, was carrying thousands of Liberty Head $20 gold coins. The recovery of these coins was a significant event for collectors, as they were found in excellent condition despite being underwater for over a century.
Design Variations of the Liberty Head $20 Gold Coin
Types of Liberty Head $20 Gold Coins
The Liberty Head $20 gold coin is divided into three main types, each with distinct design features:
- Type 1 (1849-1866): No motto; simple eagle design on the reverse.
- Type 2 (1866-1876): “In God We Trust” added to the reverse.
- Type 3 (1877-1907): Full inscription “TWENTY DOLLARS” and the motto.
These coins were minted with different strike finishes, including regular strike, proof, and special strike, which add to their collectible value.
Mintmarks and Value
Liberty Head $20 gold coins were minted at several locations, each identified by a unique mintmark:
- Philadelphia (No mintmark): The standard issue.
- San Francisco (“S”): Coins from the San Francisco Mint.
- New Orleans (“O”): Coins from the New Orleans Mint.
- Carson City (“CC”): Rare coins from the Carson City Mint.
- Denver (“D”): Coins from the Denver Mint.
The mintmark affects the coin’s value, with some mintmarks being rarer and more valuable than others.
The Liberty Head $20 gold coin is more than just a piece of currency; it’s a symbol of a pivotal time in American history. From its creation during the California Gold Rush to its role in international trade and its eventual replacement, this coin holds a lasting legacy. Its rarity, especially in certain mintmarks and types, makes it a sought-after treasure for collectors and a valuable part of American numismatic heritage.
1. What is the Liberty Head $20 gold coin?
The Liberty Head $20 gold coin, also known as the double eagle coin, is a gold coin minted in the United States from 1849 to 1907.
2. Why is the Liberty Head $20 gold coin significant?
It holds historical importance as it was introduced during the California Gold Rush and played a role in international trade.
3. What are the different types of Liberty Head $20 gold coins?
There are three main types: Type 1 (1849-1866), Type 2 (1866-1876), and Type 3 (1877-1907), each with unique design features.
4. How does the mintmark affect the coin’s value?
Mintmarks indicate where the coin was minted, and some mintmarks, like those from Carson City, are rarer and more valuable.
5. What was the significance of the S.S. Central America shipwreck discovery?
The discovery of the shipwreck in 1989 unearthed thousands of Liberty Head $20 gold coins, which were found in excellent condition and are highly valued by collectors.